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A Brief History of Dubai

Dubai has not always been surrounded by sandyDubai at that time was the pearl trade. The
desert, as a study of a history of DubaiGulf's waters and climate were ideal for
would reveal. In fact, if you consider thepearl oysters and traders came from India and
amount of oil available in the earth beneathfurther east, and it did not take long for
the Middle East in general, then the wholeDubai to serious they rival Abu Dhabi as the
area must have been highly forested for manymajor town in Persian Gulf. The pearl trade
millions  of  years.was to die out later due to cheap Japanese
imports.
There is evidence that the area has been
inhabited since 8000 BC, though nothing hasOver the next hundred years or so Dubai
been found recorded until the first knowncontinued to flourish as a major port in the
history of the area in the early part of theroute from Europe to the east, and the First
first millennium. It is know that in the 7thWorld War did not materially affect it. As
century believers of the prophet beganoil was discovered in other Middle Eastern
spreading Islam in the region, but there isstates, it was not in the Trucial States and
no true recorded history until the outsidewhen the pearl market slumped, Dubai
world began to enter the area and makemaintained its economy only through the Creek
records.and its port. The presence of Britain was
increased during and after the Second World
In the 16th century, the Portuguese, EnglishWar when the strategic significance of the
and Dutch were active in the area since theport was recognized, and in 1952 the Trucial
waters around this part of the gulf were usedStates Council was created, that would
as part of the trading route between Europeeventually  lead to the United Arab Emirates.
and the East. The Persian Gulf was also a
good source of pearls, and Europeans wereSheikh Saeed, who had ruled Dubai for 46
known to have traded with the indigenousyears, died in 1958 and was succeeded by his
population around this time. It was theoldest son, Sheikh Rashid bin Saeed
British East India Company that primarilyal-Maktoum who was instrumental in
used this route, since the subcontinent laymodernizing the emirate. He created a police
just east of the Arabian Sea and the Persianforce, built roads and the international
Gulf became an important part of theairport, and generally made Dubai a modern
Company's trading route. In fact, the areacity. The dredging of the Creek during the
around today's Dubai was used as part of theturn of the 60s and 70s decades enabled large
slave route until slavery was made illegal invessels to enter Dubai and the Jebel Ali Free
the  nineteenth  century.Zone was inaugurated in 1979 that allowed
international businesses to invest with no
The first known written indication of thetaxation and 100% ownership of their
existence of a place known as Dubai was foundcompanies,  that was not possible previously.
in the writings of a 16th century jeweller,
Gasparo Balbi, who makes reference to a smallThe withdrawal of the British from the area
fishing community known as 'Dibei'. There arein 1968 led to the Trucial States forming the
no further known references to this part ofUnited Arab Emirates in July, 1971, and Dubai
the Gulf coast until the activities of thecontinued to grow in spite of its lack of
pirates of the day led to it being known asreliance on its oil industry that was never a
the "Pirate Coast". This is when the knownvery large part of its economy. A massive
recorded history of the area began. Theinflux of immigrants from India and Indonesia
British persuaded the coastal sheiks of whatprovided a labor force that would completely
is now Oman to sign a pact guaranteeing thattransform  the  city.
they would halt piracy in exchange for
Britain agreeing to cease interfering in theSheikh Rashid died in 1990 to be replaced by
administration  of  their  own  regions.his eldest son Sheikh Maktoum bin Rashid
al-Maktoum who ruled until his death in 2006.
This was in 1820, and the Sheikh of Dubai wasHe was succeeded by his brother Sheikh
one of those that signed the agreement. InMohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum, who had been
1833, the Maktoum family of Abu Dhabi tookresponsible for Dubai's improving economic
control of Dubai and still rule to this day.strength.
The fact that Dubai was ruled by a member of
the family that also ruled Abu Dhabi led toDubai has continued to grow throughout the
an uneasy truce between the two that againfirst part of the 21st century, and is
lasts to this day in the UAE. The Trucialrecognized as the fastest growing city in the
States came into being through the signing ofworld. It is the epitome of modern
a truce with the British in 1853 and Dubaiarchitectural growth and design and has
began  to  grow.broken many records and made many unique
advances in engineering design, such as the
The Dubai Creek that splits Dubai in tworeclamation of the part of the Gulf into the
proved extremely useful in the 19th centurymagnificent Palm Jumeirah, the world's
as a natural harbor that made the town ideallargest man-made island with its residential
for entrepôt trade. That is trade wherebyareas and super 5 star plus luxury hotel
ships could unload cargo and sell it tocomplexes.
others to carry it on to its final
destination without paying any import andThe history of Dubai is one of poor man made
export duties. In fact, Dubai became a centergood, and the city is now the fastest growing
for this type of trade that helped to bolsterand one of the richest in the world: all
its  economy.achieved without the need for the massive oil
revenues that you associate with the Middle
Another important part of the economy ofEast.



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