| Global warming has now becoming a major | | | | platinum, rhodium and/or palladium. The |
| issue and most of the time the common | | | | purpose is to create a structure that |
| culprit is air pollution due to the | | | | exposes the maximum surface area of the |
| harmful emissions of cars. That is why | | | | catalyst to the exhaust flow, while also |
| numerous car companies have come up with | | | | minimizing the amount of catalyst |
| different ways to battle this issue. One | | | | required. Inside Saturn catalytic |
| recent solution is the introduction of | | | | converters are honeycomb set of |
| hybrid cars in the market. Not only does | | | | passageways or small ceramic beads |
| it cost less because it uses less gas, | | | | coated with catalysts. A chemical |
| it also helps the environment. Another | | | | reaction then takes place to make the |
| common alternative is the installation | | | | pollutants less harmful. |
| of catalytic converters. | | | | Saturn catalytic converters operate in |
| Saturn catalytic converters basically | | | | three stages. The first stage is the |
| reduce harmful emissions of vehicles. In | | | | reduction catalyst, where platinum and |
| order to reduce emissions, modern car | | | | rhodium are used to help reduce the NOx |
| engines carefully control the amount of | | | | emissions. Next, it reduces the unburned |
| fuel they burn. They try to keep the | | | | hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide by |
| air-to-fuel ratio very close to the | | | | burning them over a platinum and |
| calculated ideal ratio of air to fuel | | | | palladium catalyst. The final stage is a |
| called, stoichiometric point. Most cars | | | | control system that monitors the exhaust |
| today are equipped with a three-way | | | | stream and uses this information to |
| catalytic converter. This refers to the | | | | control the fuel injection system. |
| three emissions it helps to reduce, | | | | Through the help of various innovations |
| carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or | | | | like Saturn catalytic converters, |
| volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and | | | | problems regarding the environment will |
| NOx molecules. A catalytic converter | | | | not be hard to fight. All Saturn |
| uses two different types of catalysts, a | | | | vehicles are equipped with high quality |
| reduction catalyst and an oxidization | | | | Saturn catalytic converters that will |
| catalyst. Both consist of a base | | | | release less harmful emissions. |
| structure coated with a catalyst such as | | | | |