| Global warming has now becoming a major issue and | | | | such as platinum, rhodium and/or palladium. The |
| most of the time the common culprit is air pollution | | | | purpose is to create a structure that exposes the |
| due to the harmful emissions of cars. That is why | | | | maximum surface area of the catalyst to the |
| numerous car companies have come up with | | | | exhaust flow, while also minimizing the amount of |
| different ways to battle this issue. One recent | | | | catalyst required. Inside Saturn catalytic converters |
| solution is the introduction of hybrid cars in the | | | | are honeycomb set of passageways or small ceramic |
| market. Not only does it cost less because it uses | | | | beads coated with catalysts. A chemical reaction then |
| less gas, it also helps the environment. Another | | | | takes place to make the pollutants less harmful. |
| common alternative is the installation of catalytic | | | | Saturn catalytic converters operate in three stages. |
| converters. | | | | The first stage is the reduction catalyst, where |
| Saturn catalytic converters basically reduce harmful | | | | platinum and rhodium are used to help reduce the |
| emissions of vehicles. In order to reduce emissions, | | | | NOx emissions. Next, it reduces the unburned |
| modern car engines carefully control the amount of | | | | hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide by burning them |
| fuel they burn. They try to keep the air-to-fuel ratio | | | | over a platinum and palladium catalyst. The final stage |
| very close to the calculated ideal ratio of air to fuel | | | | is a control system that monitors the exhaust stream |
| called, stoichiometric point. Most cars today are | | | | and uses this information to control the fuel injection |
| equipped with a three-way catalytic converter. This | | | | system. |
| refers to the three emissions it helps to reduce, | | | | Through the help of various innovations like Saturn |
| carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or volatile organic | | | | catalytic converters, problems regarding the |
| compounds (VOCs) and NOx molecules. A catalytic | | | | environment will not be hard to fight. All Saturn |
| converter uses two different types of catalysts, a | | | | vehicles are equipped with high quality Saturn |
| reduction catalyst and an oxidization catalyst. Both | | | | catalytic converters that will release less harmful |
| consist of a base structure coated with a catalyst | | | | emissions. |