| In early 1990, American President Companies started | | | | associated documentation for all motor carriers 3M |
| double-stack container rail service from Woodhaven, | | | | was using. 3M got the benefits of the latest |
| Michigan to Ford Motor Company's auto assembly | | | | information technology, and Schneider gained and still |
| plant in Hermosillo, Mexico. APC coordinates all the | | | | enjoys the position of nationwide core carrier for 3M. |
| information, transportation, and inventory handling | | | | These examples illustrate logistics alliances that are |
| necessary to pick up parts and components from | | | | becoming commonplace business arrangements. |
| vendors and sequence-load them into containers for | | | | Virtually unheard of a decade ago, such agreements |
| delivery on a just-in-time basis to Hermosillo. | | | | are now spreading as a way of lowering distribution |
| The movement includes coordination over four | | | | and storage operating costs. For many manufacturers |
| railroads and with Mexican customs officials for | | | | and vendors, these ventures offer opportunities to |
| delay-free clearance. At the plant, Ford has built a | | | | dramatically improve the quality of customer service. |
| state-of-the-art stack train terminal to smooth the | | | | The principals in a typical agreement are a provider of |
| flow of sequenced parts into assembly operations. | | | | customized logistics services and a producer of |
| APC provides cranes and management to break | | | | goods that jointly engineer and launch a system to |
| down the containers. The partners collaborate to | | | | speed goods to customers. But there are other |
| return containers to the United States carrying | | | | forms too, like arrangements between two service |
| components produced in the Maquiladora region and | | | | providers and between two product marketers. |
| specialized part racks. | | | | Outsourcing of transportation or warehousing |
| A warehouse service venture of Lever Brothers and | | | | requirements to a specialist is, of course, an |
| Distribution Centers, Inc. is bearing fruit. DCI has built, | | | | everyday matter. What is unusual about the |
| staffed, and operates a high-tech dedicated | | | | relationships described here is the innovative manner |
| distribution warehouse for the toiletries maker in | | | | in which the parties commingle their operations to |
| Columbus, Ohio. The companies share the benefits | | | | obtain mutual benefits. A prime example is Drug |
| and risks: if warehouse utilization falls below a certain | | | | Transport, Inc., which has carved out a niche in |
| point, Lever helps cover the overhead; in return, DCI | | | | less-than-truckload distribution in the pharmaceutical |
| shares the productivity benefits when utilization | | | | and office supply fields. |
| approaches full-capacity economies of scale. A similar | | | | To permit wholesalers to offer daily delivery to retail |
| arrangement exists between Lever Brothers and Dry | | | | customers at specified times, the Atlanta-based |
| Storage Corporation in Atlanta. | | | | carrier has established an array of services and |
| Schneider National furnished initial computerized | | | | pricing. The rates are based on guaranteed delivery, |
| scheduling and electronic data interchange for 90 | | | | at a fixed charge, to the retailer of whatever |
| Minnesota Mining & Manufacturing Company | | | | product quantity is required. The charge is based on |
| shipping locations that were revamping their | | | | average shipment weight at a rate negotiated in |
| transportation operations in the late 1980s. The | | | | advance of each 30-day planning period. |
| service included coordination of freight transit and | | | | |